Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by proteinuria, hypertension, and progressive kidney failure.30% of T1DM and 10-40% of patients with T2 DM will eventually develop end-stage renal failure. Currently, 13 % of the US population has clinical evidence of CKD. The patient’s awareness of CKD is extremely low. The early detection of diabetic nephropathy is dependent on measuring urinary albumin excretion (UAE) rate. Kidneys damaged from diabetic nephropathy will experience a gradual decline in glomerular filtration rate. More patients with diabetes and hypertension are not able to control their BP using ACE (Angiotensin alone and may require the addition of another class of antihypertensive converting enzyme) inhibitors or ARB (Angiotensin receptor blockers). Patients with Hb AIC levels of less than 7 are at a lower risk of nephropathy.
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