Abstract
The Naqashbandiyya is the most outstanding of the Sufi orders in India. Its foundation is attributed to Bahauddin Naqashband, a resident of the town Naqashband, situated near Bokhara. It was developed by Ahmad Ata Yaswi (d. 1116 A.D.). The order was established in India by Muhammad Baqi Billah (1536-1603 A.D.) in the reign of Mughal Emperor Akbar (1556-1605 A.D.). The order was further popularized by the great Indian Naqashbandi Sufi, Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi (d. 1624) in the 17th century. The present study analyses the religious and social services of Pir Syed Jamaat Ali Shah (b. 1841- d. 1951), a renowned Naqashbandi sufi reformer of the late 19th and early 20th century. He headed a Sufi revivalist movement in order to reform Sufism 'from within' and purge it of all un-Islamic acts and influences. To further his movement, he founded a Sufi organization, Anjuman- i-Khuddam-as-Sufiyya, with the aim of unifying the disparate Sufi orders and disseminating knowledge of Sufism.
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