Abstract
The number of patients with cancer and cancer survivors have increased globally, due to the increase in the complexity and intensity of cancer treatment modalities. This increase in intensity cause suffering in patients with cancer who experience these kinds of treatment. The purpose of this article was to conduct a concept analysis on suffering through analyzing the existing literature. Suffering needs to be defined and examined by qualitative oncology nursing research to provide a precise, complete picture of the nature and possibility of suffering in patients with cancer. Knowledge of how these patients experience suffering would facilitate oncology nurses to create interventions to avoid or reduce this suffering. Overall, this concept is relevant to nursing and further studies should use this concept in generating knowledge about understanding and reducing suffering among patients with cancer. Cultural differences need to be examined in a large more diverse sample size to ensure the suffering concept applicability and validity cross culturally.
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