Sudden sensorineural hearing loss

Abstract

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), commonly known as sudden deafness, is an increase of bone and air conduction thresholds of greater than or equal to 30 decibeles affecting at least three consecutive frequencies within a 72-hour window. The loss of hearing is commonly accompanied by tinnitus and, rarely, vertigo. The vast majority of SSNHL is of unknown cause. Even 32 to 65% of cases of SSNHL may recover spontaneously. Treatment includes systemic and topical steroids and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). Antivirals, thrombolytics, vasodilators, or vasoactive substances should not be routinely prescribed. Patients who have local neurologic findings require computed tomography scan of a head. A retrocochlear pathology should be excluded by obtaining magnetic resonance imaging or auditory brainstem response. The follow-up audiometric evaluation should be obtained at the conclusion of treatment and within 6 months of completion of treatment. The presentation of SSNHL in pediatric population is commonly delayed. Treatment options are similar to those of adults but the hearing recovery rate is higher.