Abstract
Wireless smart sensors (WSS) have been proposed as an effective means to reduce the high cost of wired structural health monitoring systems. However, many damage scenarios for civil infrastructure involve sudden events, such as strong earthquakes, which can result in damage or even failure in a matter of seconds. Wireless monitoring systems typically employ duty cycling to reduce power consumption; hence, they will miss such events if they are in power-saving sleep mode when the events occur. This paper develops a demand-based WSS to meet the requirements of sudden event monitoring with minimal power budget and low response latency, without sacrificing high-fidelity measurements or risking a loss of critical information. In the proposed WSS, a programmable event-based switch is implemented utilizing a low-power trigger accelerometer; the switch is integrated in a high-fidelity sensor platform. Particularly, the approach can rapidly turn on the WSS upon the occurrence of a sudden event and seamlessly transition from low-power acceleration measurement to high-fidelity data acquisition. The capabilities of the proposed WSS are validated through laboratory and field experiments. The results show that the proposed approach is able to capture the occurrence of sudden events and provide high-fidelity data for structural condition assessment in an efficient manner.
Highlights
Many civil infrastructure damage scenarios involve sudden events, such as natural disasters and human-induced hazards.The occurrence of these events is generally unpredictable, and the consequences can be catastrophic.A typical example of catastrophic sudden event is found in the accidental collision between barges and a piling of railroad bridge in Mobile, Alabama, in 1993 [1]
A demand-based wireless smart sensor (WSS) is developed that can capture data during the sudden event that is suitable for rapid condition assessment of civil infrastructure
As discussed in the previous section, the primary issues that must be overcome to use wireless sensors to monitor civil infrastructure subjected to sudden events are: (i) the sensor must operate on battery power, (ii) high-fidelity data appropriate for structural health monitoring (SHM) application must be obtained, (iii) data surrounding the occurrence of sudden events must not be lost, and (iv) the Wireless smart sensors (WSS) node must have sufficient computational power to translate the data collected into actionable information
Summary
Many civil infrastructure damage scenarios involve sudden events, such as natural disasters (e.g., earthquakes) and human-induced hazards (e.g., collisions, explosions, acts of terrorism). Response of wireless smart sensors (WSS) from sleep mode to data acquisition may take over a second, resulting in the loss of critical information in short-duration events (e.g., earthquakes and collisions). Event-triggered sensing is developed and implemented to facilitate railway bridge monitoring, because strain cycles and vibrations induced by trains are the most important data for bridge condition assessment (e.g., fatigue), but the arrival time of trains is generally unpredictable. A demand-based wireless smart sensor (WSS) is developed that can capture data during the sudden event that is suitable for rapid condition assessment of civil infrastructure. The results of laboratory experiments and a field experiment show that our proposed approach can capture the occurrence of sudden events and provide high-fidelity data for structural condition assessment in a timely and power-efficient manner
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