Abstract
We show that cosmological sudden singularities that respect the energy conditions can occur at finite times in Brans–Dicke and more general scalar-tensor theories of gravity. We construct these explicitly in the Friedmann universes. Higher-order versions of these singularities are also possible, including those that arise with when scalar fields have a self-interaction potential of power-law form.
Highlights
DM an Abstract ce pte Following the realisation that ...nite-time ’sudden’singularities can arise in general relativistic cosmologies where the scale factor, its ...rst time derivative and the ‡uid density can remain ...nite whilst its second derivative and ‡uid pressure diverge the strong energy condition remains unviolated [1, 2], there has been extensive study of this possibility and its close relatives
In...nities ...rst occur at a ...nite time in the (k + 2)th time derivative of the Hubble expansion rate, where k < n < k + 1 and k is a positive integer [13]
In the general solution with a sudden singularity present we have shown that the form of the solution for the scale factor, eq (16) is generalised so that the constants ts and as become functions of the space coordinates [9]
Summary
To cite this article before publication: John D Barrow 2020 Class. Quantum Grav. in press https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ab7074 Accepted Manuscript is “the version of the article accepted for publication including all changes made as a result of the peer review process, and which may also include the addition to the article by IOP Publishing of a header, an article ID, a cover sheet and/or an ‘Accepted Manuscript’ watermark, but excluding any other editing, typesetting or other changes made by IOP Publishing and/or its licensors” As the Version of Record of this article is going to be / has been published on a gold open access basis under a CC BY 3.0 licence, this Accepted Manuscript is available for reuse under a CC BY 3.0 licence immediately. Everyone is permitted to use all or part of the original content in this article, provided that they adhere to all the terms of the licence https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/3.0 Although reasonable endeavours have been taken to obtain all necessary permissions from third parties to include their copyrighted content within this article, their full citation and copyright line may not be present in this Accepted Manuscript version. Before using any content from this article, please refer to the Version of Record on IOPscience once published for full citation and copyright details, as permissions may be required. All third party content is fully copyright protected and is not published on a gold open access basis under a CC BY licence, unless that is specifically stated in the figure caption in the Version of Record. View the article online for updates and enhancements. This content was downloaded from IP address 131.111.184.102 on 17/02/2020 at 10:38 us cri Sudden Brans-Dicke Singularities
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