Abstract
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a type of pneumonia classified as a nosocomial infection associated with mechanical ventilation which occurs 48–72 hours after endotracheal intubation [...]
Highlights
Under normal conditions, the human body prevents various infections through the cough reflex, bronchial secretions, and/or humoral and cellular immunity
After just a few hours, a bacterial filter is formed on the surface of the cuff sealing the endotracheal tube which, each time an over-intubation or inadequate ventilation occurs, reaches the bronchial tree and the patient’s lungs
The use of classic tidal volumes (10–12 mL/kg) and standard peak pressures (35–45 cm H2O) leads to ventilatory-induced lung injury, which favors the development of Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
Summary
The human body prevents various infections through the cough reflex, bronchial secretions, and/or humoral and cellular immunity. In COVID-19 patients, humoral and cellular immunity is significantly reduced. An intubated and flaccid patient cannot perform a bronchial tree toilet due to suppressed natural defense reflexes.
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