Abstract
Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has an outstanding position among bio-based platform chemicals, because high-value polymer precursors and fuel additives can be derived from HMF. Unfortunately, the large-scale industrial production of HMF is not yet realized. An open research question is the choice of hexose feedstock material. In this study, we used the highly available disaccharide sucrose for HMF synthesis. The conversion of sucrose was catalyzed by sulfuric acid in water media. Experiments were conducted at temperatures of 180, 200, and 220 °C with reaction times of 2–24 min. A carbon balance showed that the yield of unwanted side products rose strongly with temperature. We also developed a kinetic model for the conversion of sucrose, involving nine first-order reactions, to uncover the kinetics of the main reaction pathways. Within this model, HMF is produced exclusively via the dehydration of fructose. Glucose isomerizes slowly to fructose. Side products arise simultaneously from glucose, fructose, and HMF. A pathway from hexoses to xylose via reverse aldol reaction was also included in the model. We believe that sucrose is the ideal feedstock for large-scale production of HMF because it is more abundant than fructose, and easier to process than sugars obtained from lignocellulosic biomass.
Highlights
The production of platform chemicals from renewable biomass is experiencing enormous interest as a result of (1) the latest developments in research, and (2) government funding for sustainable production processes and CO2 reductions [1,2]
HMF can be oxidized to furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), which can be a substitute for fossil-based terephthalic acid in the production of polyesters
When a glucose feedstock was used, we found traces of the isomerization product fructose in the product samples, and vice versa
Summary
The production of platform chemicals from renewable biomass is experiencing enormous interest as a result of (1) the latest developments in research, and (2) government funding for sustainable production processes and CO2 reductions [1,2]. Has an outstanding position among bio-based platform chemicals because it has two different functional groups, and offers a wide range of applications [3]. HMF can be oxidized to furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), which can be a substitute for fossil-based terephthalic acid in the production of polyesters. HMF has been named as one of the top ten value-added bio-based chemicals by the U.S Department of Energy [5]. It can be produced exclusively by thermochemical conversion routes, and is highly carbon-efficient during its synthesis [6]. HMF is available from all hexoses and their polymers
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