Sucrose-Induced Accumulation of β-Amylase Occurs Concomitant with the Accumulation of Starch and Sporamin in Leaf-Petiole Cuttings of Sweet Potato

Abstract

beta-Amylase of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.), which constitutes about 5% of the total soluble protein of the tuberous root, is absent or is present in only small amounts in organs other than the tuberous roots of the normal, field-grown plants. However, when leaf-petiole cuttings from such plants were supplied with a solution that contained sucrose, the accumulation of beta-amylase was induced in both leaf and petiole portions of the explants. The sucrose-induced accumulation of beta-amylase in leaf-petiole cuttings occurred concomitant with the accumulation of starch and of sporamin, the most abundant storage protein of the tuberous root. The accumulation of beta-amylase, of sporamin and of starch in the petioles showed similar dependence on the concentration of sucrose, and a 6% solution of sucrose gave the highest levels of induction when assayed after 7 days of treatment. The induction of mRNAs for beta-amylase and sporamin in the petiole could be detected after 6 hours of treatment with sucrose, and the accumulation of beta-amylase and sporamin polypeptides, as well as that of starch, continued for a further 3 weeks. In addition to sucrose, glucose or fructose, but not mannitol or sorbitol, also induced the accumulation of beta-amylase and sporamin, suggesting that metabolic effects of sucrose are important in the mechanism of this induction. Treatment of leaf-petiole cuttings with water under continuous light, but not in darkness, also caused the accumulation of small amounts of these components in the petioles, probably as a result of the endogenous supply of sucrose by photosynthesis. These results suggest that the expression of the gene for beta-amylase is under metabolic control which is coupled with the expression of sink function of cells in the sweet potato.