Abstract
This research investigates the physicochemical properties of biopolymer succinyl-κ-carrageenan as a potential sensing material for NH4+ Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) sensor. Succinyl-κ-carrageenan was synthesised by reacting κ-carrageenan with succinic anhydride. FESEM analysis shows succinyl-κ-carrageenan has an even and featureless topology compared to its pristine form. Succinyl-κ-carrageenan was composited with silver nanoparticles (AgNP) as LSPR sensing material. AFM analysis shows that AgNP-Succinyl-κ-carrageenan was rougher than AgNP-Succinyl-κ-carrageenan, indicating an increase in density of electronegative atom from oxygen compared to pristine κ-carrageenan. The sensitivity of AgNP-Succinyl-κ-carrageenan LSPR is higher than AgNP-κ-carrageenan LSPR. The reported LOD and LOQ of AgNP-Succinyl-κ-carrageenan LSPR are 0.5964 and 2.7192 ppm, respectively. Thus, AgNP-Succinyl-κ-carrageenan LSPR has a higher performance than AgNP-κ-carrageenan LSPR, broader detection range than the conventional method and high selectivity toward NH4+. Interaction mechanism studies show the adsorption of NH4+ on κ-carrageenan and succinyl-κ-carrageenan were through multilayer and chemisorption process that follows Freundlich and pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
Highlights
Photonics Technology Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Institut Islam Hadhari, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
We report a novel, triangular AgNP Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) sensor based on biopolymer succinyl-κ-carrageenan for the detection of NH4 + ions
The constant adsorption capacity started at the 10th minute for κ–carrageenan and 60th minute for succinyl-κ–carrageenan is probably due to the total occupancy of active sites on adsorbent of both compounds
Summary
Succinic anhydride, (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), acetone, acetonitrile, silver nitrate (AgNO3 ), ammonium chloride, trisodium citrate, sodium borohydride (NaHB4 ), hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, and ammonium chloride (NH4 Cl) were bought from Sigma–Aldrich. Lead standard solution and iron nitrate nonahydrate were bought from Merck.
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