Succinimide-N-sulfonic acid: An efficient catalyst for the synthesis of xanthene derivatives under solvent-free conditions

Abstract

A mild, simple and convenient procedure for the synthesis of xanthene derivatives is described via three component condensation of aldehydes with 2-naphthol, 1,3-cyclohexanedione and/or a mixture of 2-naphthol and 1,3-cyclohexanediones using succinimide- N -sulfonic acid as an efficient, cheap and readily synthesis catalyst under solvent-free conditions. The structures of the products were characterized by their physical constants, comparison with authentic samples and IR, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectroscopy . The present methodology offers several advantages such as high yields, simple procedure, low cost, short reaction times, solvent-free and mild reaction conditions and use of a reusable catalyst.