Abstract
Succinic acid is a precursor of many important, large-volume industrial chemicals and consumer products. It was once common knowledge that many ruminant microorganisms accumulated succinic acid under anaerobic conditions. However, it was not until the discovery of Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens at the Michigan Biotechnology Institute (MBI), which was capable of producing succinic acid up to about 50 g/L under optimum conditions, that the commercial feasibility of producing the compound by biological processes was realized. Other microbial strains capable of producing succinic acid to high final concentrations subsequently were isolated and engineered, followed by development of fermentation processes for their uses. Processes for recovery and purification of succinic acid from fermentation broths were simultaneously established along with new applications of succinic acid, e.g., production of biodegradable deicing compounds and solvents. Several technologies for the fermentation-based production of succinic acid and the subsequent conversion to useful products are currently commercialized. This review gives a summary of the development of microbial strains, their fermentation, and the importance of the down-stream recovery and purification efforts to suit various applications in the context of their current commercialization status for biologically derived succinic acid.
Highlights
Succinic acid, which is known as butanedioic acid, 1,2-ethanedicarboxylic acid and amber acid, occurs in nature as such or in various forms of its esters
Before the development of fermentation processes for its production, succinic acid was manufactured by catalytic hydrogenation of maleic anhydride, which is a fossil-based chemical
As an intermediate of several biochemical pathways, succinic acid is produced by many microorganisms
Summary
Succinic acid, which is known as butanedioic acid, 1,2-ethanedicarboxylic acid and amber acid, occurs in nature as such or in various forms of its esters. After several industrial workshops and reviews, and initial economic analysis performed by the derived succinic acid steadily increased and resulted in the development of additional microbial. Interests in biologically derived succinic acid steadily increased and resulted in the industrial chemicals and consumer products. There areprocesses, four manufacturers bio-based development of additional microbial strains, recovery and purification and methodsoffor succinic acid, which have formed joined ventures with several other commercial entities. Has been estimated that manufacturers the global succinic acid market steadily at ajoined compound annual there are four of bio-based succinicwould acid, which havegrow formed ventures with growth several otherof commercial entities. This report reviews the microbial strains forand production of succinic fermentation conversion to important industrial chemicals, commercialization of the acid, the processes for its recovery from the fermentation broths and conversion to important fermentative succinic acid technology. Industrial chemicals, and commercialization of the fermentative succinic acid technology
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