Successful treatment of rare case of rhabdomyosarcoma of urinary bladder in adult, experience from tertiary hospital. Case report

Abstract

Introduction and importanceRhabdomyosarcoma [RMS] is a malignant soft-tissue neoplasm characterized by skeletal muscle differentiation. It accounts for 7 % of childhood malignancies and is, by a wide margin, the most common sarcoma of childhood (Pappo, 1996). Approximately 20 % of cases of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma occur in the genitourinary tract (vagina, urinary bladder, prostate, paratestis, and uterus), and they are most commonly observed in the head and neck region. Case presentationWe reviewed the case of a 42-year-old male who presented with a 2-week history of blood in the urine, which was painless, started on gradual onset, and progressively increased, involving the whole stream of urine. The blood clots were amorphous in shape but had no history of passed tissue shreds, childhood schistosomiasis, cigarette smoking, or working in chemical industries.On physical examination, the patient was anxious and conscious, with normal vital signs. The abdomen revealed distended abdomen shifting dullness, a palpable urinary bladder with suprapubic distension, and a tenderness on palpation, which disappeared upon catheterization 3-way 24F, with normal male genitalia and right lower limb edema. Other systems were essentially normal.On image KUB USS revealed a bladder mass, Cystoscopy showed a broad base bleeding tumor located at dome to the left lateral, fungating, with some necrotic tissue. TURBT was done into completion and histology revealed an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of urinary bladder, a botryoid subtype.After TURBT, the patient received adjuvant chemotherapy, the MAID protocol and underwent a 6-cycle cycle. The cycle was repeated every 21 days, and his height was 171.5 c, and his weight was 89 kg. Serial of check cystoscopy for one year revealed no recurrency of tumor. He repeated check CT scan, which showed a radiological improvement compared to the initial image. Clinical discussionRhabdomyosarcoma in adults is a rare type of urinary bladder carcinoma that is quite aggressive and is usually reported to be a pediatric malignant urinary bladder tumor. The modality of treatment is not universal because of its rarity. We used a combination of TURB and chemotherapy and performed strict follow-up, with no tumor recurrence occurring at least after one year of follow-up. These patients show significant improvement from the first presentation, both clinically and radiologically. ConclusionThe lack of a universal standard treatment approach for adult rhabdomyosarcoma indicates the need for more data on adult rhabdomyosarcoma, with a detailed description of its histological subtype.