Successful Treatment of Endobronchial Tuberculosis in Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital

Abstract

Backgrounds: Endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) is a special form of respiratory tuberculosis that continues to be a health problem because bronchostenosis may develop as a serious complication despite efficacious antituberculosis chemotherapy. The EBTB has nonspesific signs and symptoms, therefor it may cause misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis. Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital doesn’t have data about successful treatment of EBTB Methods: This was a retrospective study of EBTB patients based from the medical record and confirm with bronchoscopy data from January 2013 to December 2017. Endobronchial tuberculosis diagnosed based from microbiology, histopathology examination or based on combination of clinical symptoms, radiology and bronchoscopy lesion appearance. Endobronchial tuberculosis treatment considered successful if there is improvement in clinical symptoms, microbiological conversion, accompanied by improvement or no change in the number of lesions or the radiological appearance. Results: The study sample consisted of 30 subjects. Majority of the subjects were female (86,7%), age <20-39 years (73,3%), highly educated (90%), not working (56,6%), malnutrition (58,3%), never received antituberculosis medication (63,3%), not smoking (86,7%) and has no comorbidities (76,6%). Shortness of breath (83.3%) is the most complained symptom. Stridor and rhonchi are the most frequent signs (36.7%). Infiltrate, fibroinfiltrates and consolidation are the most common radiological images on chest X-ray (26.6%). Whereas most chest CT scans obtained a consolidated picture (45%). Most EBTB lesions were fibrostenosis (86,7%) found in the trachea (60%). Seventy percent of patients received non-fix dose combination (FDC) type antituberculosis treatment (ATT), received inhaled steroids (73.3%) with a median duration of TBEB treatment was 12 months. Complaints improved after administration of ATT in clinical symptoms in 76% of patients, bronchoscopy 20% patients, chest X-ray 23% patients and CT scans 16.6% patients. Conclusions: The success of EBTB treatment is 43%, as many as 17% of complaints improve with sequels and 40% cannot be assessed.