Abstract
This paper studies the cognitive wireless powered device-to-device (D2D) communication underlaying a cellular network, where there are two types of communications, including peer-to-peer (P2P) communication and a multi-hop D2D communication, which are assumed to be affected by hardware impairments (HWIs). We investigate the one-hop P2P communication and the multi-hop D2D communication, where the relay node helps other two user equipments (UEs) exchange information with a two-time-slot physical-layer network coding scheme. To examine the system performance, we derive closed-form expressions for the average energy efficiency (EE) and spectral efficiency (SE). Besides that, we also obtain the successful transmission probability (STP) for the two considered communications, and the optimal values of time switching (TS) and power splitting (PS) ratios are achieved with the help of a genetic algorithm (GA)-based optimization algorithm in our proposed energy harvesting (EH) protocol so-called Hybrid TS-PS (HTPS) relaying protocol. Comparisons between amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) transmission schemes are provided. The simulation results give evidence that the STP is significantly improved regardless of the presence of HWIs thanks to the derived parameters, i.e., average EE, SE, and the optimal TS and PS ratios.
Highlights
It is clear that in wireless communications, energy efficiency (EE) and spectral efficiency (SE) are among the two most important design metrics to cope with environmental problems and the requirements for better wireless communication service
5 Conclusions In this paper, we addressed the impact of hardware impairments (HWIs) on the cognitive energy harvesting-based D2D communication underlaying cellular network consisting of two communication types, i.e., multi-hop D2D and P2P
Simulation results were given to verify the comparisons between AF and DF transmission schemes, where DF outperforms AF in terms of every parameter
Summary
It is clear that in wireless communications, energy efficiency (EE) and spectral efficiency (SE) are among the two most important design metrics to cope with environmental problems and the requirements for better wireless communication service. In [17], a hybrid CRN with overlay and underlay models was considered, where a primary link gives the secondary users fractions of its transmission time for cooperation under outage constraints of both primary and secondary networks. Regarding multi-hop D2D communication and P2P communication, there have been only a few investigations carried out on the impact of HWIs. in order to expand our works on HWIs, we are going to quantify the energy consumption by giving closed-form expressions for the average EE and average SE in case all nodes in the network suffer from HWIs. In addition, we provide comparisons between AF and DF transmission schemes in the multi-hop D2D communication and the direct P2P communication, and the optimization problem related to TS and PS ratios are solved in our proposed protocol Hybrid TS-PS (HTPS) relaying protocol.
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