Abstract
Plant-microbe interactions have been the subject of several biotechnological studies, seeking sustainable development and environmental conservation. The inoculation of plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPM) in agricultural crops is considered an environmental-friendly alternative to chemical fertilization. Microbial inoculants are mainly inoculated onto seeds, roots and soil. PGPM improve plant growth by enhancing the availability of nutrients, the regulation of phytohormones, and by increasing plant tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses. One of the main obstacles with PGPM research are the inconsistent results, which may be the result of inoculation methods and abiotic factors, such as soil (nutrient or heavy metal contents and pH), water availability, light intensity and temperature. This review addresses how the PGPM inoculants act on plant growth, what mechanisms they use to survive under stressful environmental conditions, and how inoculation methods and abiotic factors can interfere on the success of microbial inoculation in plants, serving as a basis for research on plants-microorganisms interaction.
Highlights
The growth rate of global population demands for increasing food production
This review addresses how the plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPM) inoculants act on plant growth, what mechanisms they use to survive under stressful environmental conditions, and how inoculation methods and abiotic factors can interfere on the success of microbial inoculation on plant development
This is because microorganisms are not usually very mobile in the soil and, it has been suggested that nematodes are vectors for spreading microorganisms around the rhizosphere (Strigul and Kravchenko, 2006; Hernández-Montiel et al, 2017)
Summary
The growth rate of global population demands for increasing food production. in many situations, boosting agricultural productivity relies heavily on the use of chemical fertilizers, which are economically unavailable to many farmers throughout the world and can cause negative environmental impacts. PGPM: Inoculation Methods and Abiotic Factors and abiotic stresses, and increasing plant production (Abhilash et al, 2016; Asghari et al, 2020; Etesami, 2020). PGPM inoculants promote plant growth and tolerance to abiotic stresses by increasing antioxidants levels, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
