Successful Outcome of Bariatric Surgery in Living Donor Liver Transplant Recipients With Multidisciplinary Approach: A Preliminary Experience

Abstract

Liver transplant recipients may develop weight gain, metabolic syndrome, and subsequent nonalcoholic steatohepatitis of the transplanted liver which impairs graft function. Bariatric surgery is an effective modality for management of morbid obesity and metabolic syndrome. Our aim is to review the role of bariatric surgery in such high-risk posttransplant patients not responding to medical management and highlight the important considerations. We review the management of two cases with posttransplant metabolic syndrome not responding to medical management and discuss the literature available on bariatric surgery in organ transplant patients. The first patient was a 51-year-old man who underwent living donor liver transplantation 3 years prior, and follow-up ultrasound and fibroscan was suggestive of steatohepatitis of the graft. After liver transplantation, he had gained 30Kg weightand was on oral hypoglycemic agents with HbA1c of 8%. The second patient was a 65-year-old man, who gained 30Kg weight with risk of graft impairment 4 years after of combined liver and kidney transplant. Both patients were evaluated thoroughly preoperatively for risk stratification including an upper gastro-intestinal (GI) endoscopy. The immunosuppression was reduced and monitored closely perioperatively. Both patients underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and were discharged on postoperative day 3. The first patient was evaluated a year after surgery with body mass index (BMI) reduction from 42 to 34 and second at 2 months with BMI reduction from 38 to 33; both patients were free of diabetes and had stable graft functions. Bariatric surgery in liver transplant recipients has significant challenges with higher complication rates as patients are on immunosuppression which often impairs wound healing. LSG is safe and effective in such patients which often requires good coordination between the bariatric team and liver transplant team.