Successful management of metastatic and primary germ cell tumors in the brain

Abstract

Nine men and one woman with brain metastases from nonseminomatous germ cell tumors have been treated between 1977 and 1984. All the men had lung metastases. Nine patients had elevated serum values of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), the level was greater than 40,000 IU/l in seven. They were treated with sequential combination chemotherapy either POMB/ACE or EP/OMB in which the methotrexate was given at a dose of 1 g/m2 and intrathecal methotrexate was given during courses not containing intravenous methotrexate. Eight of ten patients are alive, off treatment with no evidence of active disease, of whom five have been in remission and off treatment for more than 18 months. Two patients with primary intracranial nonseminomatous germ cell tumors were treated in a similar fashion. One patient died from enlargement of differentiated teratoma; the other is alive 9+ months off treatment with no evidence of disease. These results, which are better than any previously reported, indicate that chemotherapy is the preferred treatment of primary or metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the brain and that only rarely will these patients benefit from surgery or radiotherapy.