Successful Management of a Ruptured Mycotic Pseudoaneurysm Following Pancreas Transplantation Using Bovine Pericardial Patch: A Case Report

Abstract

Arterial mycotic pseudoaneurysms are a rare complication of pancreas transplantation. Rupture results in catastrophic hemorrhage with a high risk of mortality. Definitive management is complicated by an extensive arterial defect within a contaminated surgical field. Synthetic vascular grafts often fail due to subsequent graft infection whereas primary repair often results in arterial stenosis. Arterial ligation may be required to prevent exsanguination. A 41-year-old man, type 1 diabetic with associated renal failure, underwent successful simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation. He presented, 9 months following transplantation, with life-threatening rectal bleeding secondary to a ruptured mycotic pseudoaneurysm. This was successfully managed with a bovine pericardial patch (BPP) repair of the arterial defect and enteric diversion following graft pancreatectomy. He remains well with no vascular insufficiency 18 months following the procedure. A ruptured mycotic pseudoaneurysm following transplantation carries a significant risk of mortality and represents a surgical challenge as conventional techniques using synthetic materials often fail due to the contaminated field. A BPP offers good handling characteristics, excellent hemostatic properties and a favorable profile of infection risk in comparison with synthetic grafts. This case highlights its use as a treatment for a post-transplantation ruptured mycotic pseudoaneurysm.