Abstract
Myelomeningocele, also known as open spina bifida, is characterized by non-closure of neural tube during embryonic development causing herniation of meninges and spinal cord through the vertebral defect. The risk of recurrence after one affected child is 3–4% and increases to 10% after two affected children. Meningomyelocele may rarely also be associated with Arnold Chiari malformations and hydrocephalus. However, most cases of Arnold Chiari malformation may remain asymptomatic.
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