Abstract

ISSUE: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children with annual epidemics occurring each winter. Significant morbidity and mortality are seen in infants with pulmonary or cardiac disease, infants born prematurely and those who are immunocompromised. RSV is highly contagious by inoculation of eyes or nose by direct contact with secretions or large respiratory droplets, or indirect contact with a contaminated environment or equipment. The Vermont Children's Hospital, located within Fletcher Allen Health Care (a 560 bed academic medical center) has done surveillance for nosocomial RSV since at least 1990. The Vermont Children's Hospital consists of a 20 bed Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), a 30 bed pediatric unit, a 4 bed Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) and a nursery serving almost 2500 newborns each year. In spite of a previously effective RSV policy, we saw a significant increase in nosocomial acquisition of RSV (7 cases) during the winter of 1995.

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