Success of Recommending Oral Diets in Acute Stroke Patients Based on Passing a 90-cc Water Swallow Challenge Protocol

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigated the success of recommending specific oral diets following an acute stroke based on passing a 90-cc water swallow challenge protocol. Method: The study was a single group consecutively referred case series design. The study took place in a large, urban, tertiary care teaching hospital and involved 75 acute adult stroke inpatients in a 90-cc water swallow challenge. The volume (in cc) of liquid ingested, percent of meal eaten, and specific diet recommendations made 12 to 24 hours after passing a 90-cc water swallow challenge were accessed electronically from routine oral intake information entered by nursing staff on each participant’s daily flow sheets. Nurses were blinded to the study’s purpose. Results: All 75 participants were drinking thin liquids and eating food successfully 12 to 24 hours after passing a 90-cc water swallow challenge. The mean volume of liquid ingested was 385.4 cc and percent of diet eaten ranged from 10% to 100%. Flow sheets indicated that specific diet recommendations were followed with 100% accuracy. Conclusions: Successfully recommending specific oral diets to acute stroke patients based on passing a 90-cc water swallow challenge protocol was supported. A 90-cc challenge is an easily administered, highly reliable, cost-effective, and validated clinical assessment that can be used by a variety of qualified health care professionals to identify aspiration risk. When a 90-cc challenge protocol is passed, specific diet recommendations can be made safely and confidently without the need for further objective dysphagia testing.