Subtropical and flower crops breeding at the Subtropical Scientific Centre.

R. V. Kulyan,A. V. Ryndin,N. A. Slepchenko

doi:10.18699/vj21.047

Abstract

This paper presents the results on the breeding work carried out by the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Currently, the Centre’s breeders are doing a lot of work aimed at breeding new fine yielding cultivars of subtropical and flower crops that will be resistant to growing conditions; they include kaki persimmon, feijoa, mandarin, freesia, crown anemone, pelargonium and chrysanthemum. The sources of high-level priority traits in flower crops that are valuable for further breeding in order to improve decorative (colour, flower shape, inflorescence), economic and biological traits (flowering period, a large number of flowers in the inflorescence, storage period of cut flowers, disease resistance, high reproduction coefficient) were recorded. The aim of the research is to improve the subtropical and flower crops assortment. The objects of the research were 989 hybrid forms: 136 citrus crops, 56 persimmon, 36 feijoa, 38 tea plant, 11 pear, 24 hazel, 108 freesia, 398 crown anemone, 120 pelargonium and 62 chrysanthemum hybrids. New cultivars with a complex of valuable traits have been created as a result of the scientific work. Over the past five years, FRC SSC of RAS has created 50 new cultivars: 26 pelargonium, 15 anemone, 5 freesia, 2 chrysanthemum, 1 persimmon and 1 apple and submitted them to the State Cultivar Commission. The “State Register of Selection Achievements Authorized for Use for Production Purposes” has included 63 cultivars developed by FRC SSC RAS, including 26 pelargonium, 13 anemone, 9 chrysanthemum, 7 freesia, 4 hazel, 3 feijoa and 1 tea plant cultivars. 46 patents for breeding achievements have been obtained.

Highlights

The humid subtropical zone on the Black Sea coast of Kras nodar Territory is the only suitable zone in Russia for cultivat ing subtropical fruit crops, citrus crops and tea plant (Ryndin, Tereshkin, 2012; Tutberidze, 2015; Ryndin, 2016)
It should be noted that interest in these crops is increasing in other regions of the Russian Federation, thanks to the development of greenhouse, indoor and office gardening, as well as the ongoing work carried out to create geographical areas and expand the subtropical crops range (Ryndin, Tuov, 2010; Pchikhachev, Korzun, 2017; Col lections..., 2019; Omarov et al, 2020)
The flower crops cultivation in our country is mainly based on imported assortment

Summary

Introduction

The humid subtropical zone on the Black Sea coast of Kras nodar Territory is the only suitable zone in Russia for cultivat ing subtropical fruit crops, citrus crops and tea plant (Ryndin, Tereshkin, 2012; Tutberidze, 2015; Ryndin, 2016). One of the main objectives for the development of subtropical fruit grow ing in this zone is to expand and improve the subtropical fruit and flower crops assortment. The flower crops cultivation in our country is mainly based on imported assortment. The Black Sea coast is promising for cultivating cut flowers in the winter-early spring period, when the overall flower assortment is small and the population’s demand for these products is greatly increas ing. One of the strategy principles in developing flower and ornamental crops production, including import substitution, is to apply the latest breeding achievements (Ryndin et al, 2015). The creation of new highly decorative forms that will be productive, competitive, environmentally hardy, very early and late-flowering, original in flower shape, and rare in colour, remains an urgent task for flower crop breeding (Gutiyeva, 2014, 2015; Mokhno et al, 2014; Bratukhina, Paschenko, 2015; Kozina, 2015, 2018)

Objectives

Methods

Results