Subtotal Cholecystectomy Results in High Peri-operative Morbidity and Its Risk-Profile Should be Emphasised During Consent

Abstract

BackgroundSubtotal cholecystectomy aims to reduce the likelihood of bile duct injury but risks a multitude of less severe, yet significant complications. The primary aim of the present study was to report peri-operative outcomes of subtotal laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SLC) relative to total laparoscopic cholecystectomy (TLC) to inform the consent process.MethodAll laparoscopic cholecystectomies between 2015 and 2020 in one health board were included. The peri-operative outcomes of SLC (n = 87) and TLC (n = 2650) were reported. Pre-operative variables were compared between the two groups to identify risk factors for SLC. The outcomes between the SLC and TLC were compared using univariate, multivariate and propensity analysis.ResultsRisk factors for SLC included higher age, male gender, cholecystitis, increased biliary admissions, ERCP, cholecystostomy and emergency cholecystectomy. Following SLC, rates of post-operative complication (45.9%), imaging (37.9%) intervention (28.7%) and readmission (29.9%) were significant. The risk profile was vastly heightened compared to that of TLC: intra-operative complications (RR 9.0; p < 0.001), post-operative complications [bile leak (RR 58.9; p < 0.001), collection (RR 12.2; p < 0.001), retained stones (RR 7.2; p < 0.001) and pneumonia (RR 5.4; p < 0.001)], post-operative imaging (RR 4.4; p < 0.001), post-operative intervention (RR 12.3; p < 0.001), prolonged PLOS (RR 11.3; p < 0.001) and readmission (RR 4.5; p < 0.001). The findings were consistent using multivariate logistic regression and propensity analysis.ConclusionThe relative morbidity associated with SLC is significant and high-risk patients should be counselled for the peri-operative morbidity of subtotal cholecystectomy.