Abstract
Description of the main karstic regions of Siberia and Far East, and the most important caves. Survey of the subterranean species collected in caves, springs, hyporheic and MSSh. Relationship with the climate and glacial paleoclimatic periods to explain the paucity of the terrestrial fauna of Siberia. Persistence of some aquatic stygobionts (Crustacea), and richness of the subterranean fauna of the Far East, particularily in the Sikhote-Alin. The Crutaceans of the eastern part of the Ussury basin and Sakhalin Island have relationship with the Japanese and Korean fauna.
Highlights
The study of caves in Siberia was begun in the late 17th century (Tsykin et al, 1979), but the first published report were made as early as in the 18th century by swedish geographer P. von Strahlenberg who in 1722 visited the cave on the Yenisei river bank above Krasnoyarsk and gave a short description, which is considered the first report of caves in Siberia (Strahlenberg, 1730)
Birstein and Ljovuschkin (1950) divided Russia in two major biospeological zones: 1 – A northern zone covering the major part of the Russian territory (Russian plain, northern Ural, northern and central Siberia) characterized by a very poor terrestrial subterranean fauna, with some stygobionts belonging to copepods, syncarids Bathynella and amphipods, corresponding to old groups widespread
Julidae - Anaulaciulus golovatchi, from Bogataya Fanza cave, Khasan District; Skazka cave, Kedrovaya Pad Reserve; Drakon and Fakel Entuziastov caves, Shkotovo District; Kolonok cave, Ussuriyskii Reserve. This species is distributed in various types of forest in the central and southern Maritime Province and in North Korea. - Pacifiiulus amurensis found in a cave near Izvestkovyi spring, Kedrovaya Pad Reserve, Lisya cave, Partizansk District, Spyashchaya Krasavitsa cave, Ussuriyskii Reserve
Summary
The study of caves in Siberia was begun in the late 17th century (Tsykin et al, 1979), but the first published report were made as early as in the 18th century by swedish geographer P. von Strahlenberg who in 1722 visited the cave on the Yenisei river bank above Krasnoyarsk and gave a short description, which is considered the first report of caves in Siberia (Strahlenberg, 1730). We distinguish, based on morpho-structural criterions: in eastern Siberia, the Siberian Plateform which covers about 2.9 millions km, with outcrops of limestone and gypsum covering more than 500,000 km2 They are located in the permafrost zone or at its nearest periphery; - The regions more southern, were the karst covers about 80,000 km. Several karstic regions: Altai-Kuznetski-Sayan, Baikal, Transbaikalie and northern Siberia, Far East. In the southern mountainous Siberia we can distinguish several karstic regions in Cambrian and Devonian carbonated rocks, and in Ordovician dolomite, marble, and conglomerate. Several karstic zones are distinguished: Patomskoye Mts, Stanovoye Mts, Anabar, mainly in Cambrian and Ordovician marbles, dolomites, gypsum and anhydrite. 1: 8), an immense karstic region to the north of the Siberian Plateform between the Olenok and Kotuy rivers, which consists of Cambrian limestones and dolomites. An originality is the hydrohalite deposits in front of the salt karstic springs, named “Naled salinsi” or above the salt spring “Naled bougres salinsi”
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