Abstract
AbstractNitrogen (N) and subsurface drainage water management are crucial and challenging components of sustainable crop production on poorly drained claypan soils. During extreme precipitation events, N fertilizer management is difficult in a corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation that balances productivity and environmental quality. This 4‐year (2018–2021) experiment was conducted on a poorly drained soil to examine the interactive effects of drainage (subsurface tile drainage [SD] and no drainage [ND]) and corn N fertilizer treatments (non‐treated control [NTC], fall‐applied anhydrous ammonia [AA] at 190 kg N ha−1 with nitrapyrin [fall AA + NI], pre‐plant AA [spring AA] at 190 kg N ha−1, and top‐dressed urea [TD urea] as 42 kg N ha−1 SuperU and 126 kg N ha−1 ESN as a 25:75% granular blend) on yield and nutrient uptake. Corn grain yield was 1.22–1.53 Mg ha−1 greater with fertilizer treatments in SD compared to ND. Drought conditions in 2018 lowered corn grain yield compared to 2020. Average over 2 years, corn yield in SD soils was ranked as spring AA > fall AA + NI > TD urea > NTC. While soybean yield following corn was 13% greater in the NTC compared to TD urea. The SD treatment increased soybean yield by 0.6–2 Mg ha−1 compared to ND. This study results showed that fall AA + NI produced corn yields similar to spring AA in SD and ND soils in temperate humid climatic conditions.
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