Abstract
Substrates and contacts play a critical role in thin-film solar cell device and module performance. They influence light trapping, film growth, impurity levels, doping, stability, yield and laser scribing for monolithic integration. The substrate is also a major cost factor, often accounting for the largest component of the module cost. The interaction between the substrates or contacts with the semiconductor layers can also limit the range of the subsequent semiconductor layer processing parameters. The panel and audience discussed these factors in relation to fabrication, performance and characterization of today's thin-film solar cells and modules. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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