Abstract
Near-zero-index (NZI) media, a medium with near zero permittivity and/or permeability, exhibits unique wave phenomena and exciting potential for multiple applications. However, previous proof-of-concept realizations of NZI media based on bulky and expensive platforms are not easily compatible with low-cost and miniaturization demands. Here, we propose the method of substrate-integrated (SI) photonic doping, enabling the implementation of NZI media within a printed circuit board (PCB) integrated design. Additionally, the profile of the NZI device is reduced by half by using symmetries. We validate the concept experimentally by demonstrating NZI supercoupling in straight and curve substrate integrated waveguides, also validating properties of position-independent photonic doping, zero-phase advance and finite group delay. Based on this platform, we propose design of three NZI devices: a high-sensitivity dielectric sensor, an efficient acousto-microwave modulator, and an arbitrarily-curved ‘electric fiber’. Our results represent an important step forward in the development of NZI technologies for microwave/terahertz applications.
Highlights
Near-zero-index (NZI) media, a medium with near zero permittivity and/or permeability, exhibits unique wave phenomena and exciting potential for multiple applications
We start from the 2D photonic doping structure shown in the Fig. 1a, where the ENZ medium is doped with a dielectric impurity and illuminated by a wave with the magnetic field parallel with the out-of-plane (z) axis, and the electric field in the x–y plane
The new points of the proposed SI photonic doping evolved from the original photonic doping are summarized as follows: first, we use a rectangular dopant whose geometry adapts better to planar integrated electronic or optical circuits
Summary
Near-zero-index (NZI) media, a medium with near zero permittivity and/or permeability, exhibits unique wave phenomena and exciting potential for multiple applications. We validate the concept experimentally by demonstrating NZI supercoupling in straight and curve substrate integrated waveguides, validating properties of position-independent photonic doping, zero-phase advance and finite group delay. Based on this platform, we propose design of three NZI devices: a highsensitivity dielectric sensor, an efficient acousto-microwave modulator, and an arbitrarilycurved ‘electric fiber’. Photonic doping techniques have already been utilized to experimentally demonstrate EMNZ tunneling (i.e., enhanced transmission with zero-phase advance, independent on the deformation of the waveguide) This first proof-ofconcept experiment was based on a bulky and high-profile rectangular waveguide, and using a very complex system for the assembly of the dopant particle. These characteristics have made it challenging to bring this phenomenon to most applications that demand miniaturization, low profile, low cost, and compatibility with integrated circuit architectures
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