Abstract
Poly(vinyl chloride) suffers from degradation through oxidation and decomposition when exposed to radiation and high temperatures. Stabilizers are added to polymeric materials to inhibit their degradation and enable their use for a longer duration in harsh environments. The design of new additives to stabilize poly(vinyl chloride) is therefore desirable. The current study includes the synthesis of new tin complexes of 4-methoxybenzoic acid and investigates their potential as photostabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride). The reaction of 4-methoxybenzoic acid and substituted tin chlorides gave the corresponding substituted tin complexes in good yields. The structures of the complexes were confirmed using analytical and spectroscopic methods. Poly(vinyl chloride) was doped with a small quantity (0.5%) of the tin complexes and homogenous thin films were made. The effects of the additives on the stability of the polymeric material on irradiation with ultraviolet light were assessed using different methods. Weight loss, production of small polymeric fragments, and drops in molecular weight were lower in the presence of the additives. The surface of poly(vinyl chloride), after irradiation, showed less damage in the films containing additives. The additives, in particular those containing aromatic (phenyl groups) substitutes, inhibited the photodegradation of polymeric films significantly. Such additives act as efficient ultraviolet absorbers, peroxide quenchers, and hydrogen chloride scavengers.
Highlights
Poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, is an important and common thermoplastic with many industrial applications
The tin complexes of 4-methoxybenzoic acid 1–4 were synthesized as shown in Schemes 1 and 2 (Sections 2.2 and 2.3)
The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of complexes 1–4 showed the absence of the bands corresponding to the stretching vibration of the O–H bonds that appeared in the 3100–2886 cm−1 region for the ligand as a result of the complexation with the Sn atom
Summary
Poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, is an important and common thermoplastic with many industrial applications. It has a high molecular mass and can be reshaped at relatively high temperatures. PVC has excellent performance and low cost, making it, a versatile candidate to replace many essential materials such as wood, steel, and glass [1,2]. The physical properties of PVC are dramatically altered when heated due to the changes at the glass transition and melting point [4]. Humidity, oxygen, water, and ultraviolet (UV) light cause PVC weathering [5]
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