Abstract
Processing of secondary raw materials from production of canned food «Sprats in oil» is considered. Comprehensive technology is developed for producing of protein, fat, and protein-mineral food additives from the sprat waste, as smoked sprat heads, using the method of high temperature hydrolysis. Rational method of the hydrolysis is substantiated, including preliminary separation of fat in fatty raw materials and its enzymatic-thermal treatment. The optimal values of temperature and duration of hydrolysis in autoclave are determined. Balances of organic substances are calculated for the main operations. This new technology was tested for fatty (24 %) and medium fat (13 %) raw materials under the temperature of 130–160оС. The hydrolyzed organic mass was divided into fat, protein, and mineralized fractions and proteinfat emulsion. Food additives containing low molecular weight water-soluble peptides and high molecular weight insoluble proteins were extracted from the protein fraction by freeze-drying and mineral compounds were extracted from the mineral fraction by convective drying. The proteins were extracted more thoroughly, so the content of low molecular weight peptides in the freeze-dried hydrolysate of protein fraction was > 80 %. The produced additives have pleasant organoleptic properties and are sanitary safe. They are tested with some seafood, with positive result. The developed technology for processing of smoked waste is economically valuable and allows to solve the problem of pollution in the fish smoking industry.
Highlights
Comprehensive technology is developed for producing of protein, fat, and protein-mineral food additives from the sprat waste, as smoked sprat heads, using the method of high temperature hydrolysis
Food additives containing low molecular weight water-soluble peptides and high molecular weight insoluble proteins were extracted from the protein fraction by freeze-drying and mineral compounds were extracted from the mineral fraction by convective drying
Balance of protein substances obtained in hydrolysis of smoked sprat heads, with certain parameters
Summary
Обоснована комплексная переработка голов копченой кильки с применением метода высокотемпературного термолиза. Разработанный способ комплексной переработки копченых рыбных отходов экономически рентабелен, позволяет получать из них ценные пищевые продукты и одновременно решать экологические проблемы коптильных производств. Comprehensive technology is developed for producing of protein, fat, and protein-mineral food additives from the sprat waste, as smoked sprat heads, using the method of high temperature hydrolysis. Balances of organic substances are calculated for the main operations This new technology was tested for fatty (24 %) and medium fat (13 %) raw materials under the temperature of 130–160 оС. Извлечь ценные вещества возможно с применением современного высокотемпературного безхимического метода гидротермолиза, положительно апробированного на вторичном некопченом рыбном сырье [Мезенова и др., 2018б]. Цель работы — обоснование комплексной переработки копченых голов кильки методом высокотемпературного гидролиза с получением пищевых добавок протеинового, липидного, минерализованного и смешанного органического состава. Необходимо было подобрать рациональный способ проведения гидротермолиза и обосновать его конкретные режимы на основных операциях для максимального извлечения прежде всего протеинов как основных компонентов вторичного рыбного сырья
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