Substantiating the structural and technological parameters of tillage rotary X-like working bodies

Abstract

The object of this study is the process of grinding and crumbling the surface layer of the soil with turf of winter crops by X-shaped working bodies. It has been established that the use of a grinding group based on X-shaped rotary working bodies as part of combined tillage tools makes it possible to preliminary loosen the surface layer of heavy soils (overdried or overmoistened). It was established that the optimal values of the parameters of the section of the X-shaped rotary working bodies for the quality of loosening the soil in a layer of 0–10 cm at a depth of cultivation of 14±2 cm depend on the speed of the unit. Thus, at a speed of movement of the unit of 2 m/s, the optimal value of the diameter of the rotor blade is 335.9 mm, the distance between the axes of the rotor batteries is 316.4 mm, and the distance between the rotor blades in the battery is 195.6 mm. At a unit movement speed of 2.5 m/s, the optimal values of these parameters are 331.2, 325.7, and 211.3 mm, respectively, and at a unit movement speed of 3 m/s – 330.1, 346.8, and 106.1 mm. It was also established that the stability of the movement of the X-shaped working bodies according to the root mean square deviation of the working depth increases with the increase in the speed of the unit. Thus, at a unit movement speed of 2.5 m/s, the root mean square deviation of the soil tillage depth is 1.21 cm, at a unit movement speed of 3 m/s – 1.07 cm, and at a unit movement speed of 3.5 m/s – 0 .63 cm. It was also established that the stability of the movement of the working bodies according to the depth of cultivation decreases with an increase in the speed of movement of the unit. Thus, at a movement speed of the unit of 2.5 m/s, the average soil tillage depth is set at the level of 13.1 cm, at a movement speed of the unit of 3 m/s – 12.6 cm, and at a movement speed of the unit of 3.5 m/s – at the level of 11.9 cm.