Substantial Improvement in Self-Reported Mental Health Following Total Hip Arthroplasty Occurs Independent of Anesthetic Technique

Abstract

BackgroundThe influence of anesthetic type on mental health after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is poorly understood. Adverse effects of general anesthesia (GA) on cognition following major non-cardiac surgery are well known, but mental health following THA is less well-studied. We hypothesized that neuraxial anesthesia (NA) would provide favorable mental health profiles compared with GA after THA. MethodsProspectively collected Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-10 (PROMIS) Global Mental Health (GMH) scores at preoperative baseline, and 1, 3, and 6 months after THA were accessed on 4,353 patients in the Pulmonary Embolism Prevention After HiP and KneE Replacement (PEPPER) Trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02810704). Anesthesia was categorized as: general (GA), neuraxial (NA), and neuraxial with peripheral block (NAP). The GMH was assessed longitudinally and compared between groups. ResultsPostoperative GMH improved (P < .05) over preoperative in every anesthetic group. Groups receiving NA had higher baseline GMH scores. Improvement in GMH was diminished after GA alone and plateaued after 1 month. Adding NA or peripheral nerve block to GA conferred additional benefit to GMH improvement. ConclusionsPatient-perceived mental health improves significantly after THA regardless of anesthetic type. Patients who have higher baseline GMH scores more commonly received NA, likely due to nonsurgical care determinants; these differences in mental wellness persisted at follow-up. Adjunctive NA or peripheral nerve block favored GMH improvement, whereas solitary GA diminished GMH improvement, which plateaued after 1 month. Substantial mental health benefits of THA may overshadow subtle differences in GMH attributable to anesthetic type.