Substance Use Screening in Geriatric Primary Care: Cultural Issues and Alcohol Consumption in the Deep South

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objectives To investigate indicators of potentially hazardous alcohol use among older adults living in a region with high substance use stigma. Methods Patients at a university-affiliated geriatrics clinic in the Deep South of theUS completed behavioral health screenings including self-reported alcohol use, symptoms of depression or anxiety, and cognitive functioning between 2018 and 2022. Results Participants (N = 278) averaged 76.04 years of age (SD = 9.25), were predominantly female (70.9%), and non-Hispanic white (84.5%), with an averageof 6.08 comorbid diagnoses (SD = 2.86). Race/ethnicity, age, and symptoms of anxiety were associated with alcohol use and hazardous alcohol use, with non-Hispanic whites, younger individuals, and those with more anxiety symptoms reporting more alcohol use. Notably, alcohol use and hazardous alcohol use were associated with cognitive functioning in the dementia range. Conclusion Self-reported alcohol use is low in geriatric primary care in the Deep South, US, differs by race/ethnicity, and is predictive of cognitive impairment when alcohol use is hazardous. Issues of trust and stigma may play a role in self-report ofstigmatized behaviors. Clinical Implications Self-reported alcohol intake must be considered within the cultural context of regional stigma. Recommendations to address this are provided.