Substance Use, Pharmacotherapy and Impact of Pharmacotherapy for Renal System: A Review

Abstract

Increase of the substance abuse, especially narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, is a major challenge faced by entire region of the world. The use of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances without medical supervision is associated with significant health risks to the individual who depend on drugs. Therefore, providing of proper treatment services and interventions is important and it must be based on scientific evidence, and match the specific needs of individual patients at a particular phase or severity of their disorder. As a part of that medications can be very helpful in managing and/or treating a variety of drug use disorders and health conditions due to drug use, such as acute intoxication and overdose, withdrawal syndromes, as well as a variety of comorbid disorders. Pharmacological interventions should be administered, when appropriate, alongside psychosocial interventions. Majority of these abusive drugs, medications or their metabolites are excreted through the kidneys. Therefore renal complications including wide range of glomerular, interstitial and vascular diseases leading to acute or chronic renal failure of these drugs are very common. The present review discusses the possible renal complications associated with pharmacotherapy