Abstract
A 3-year investigation was carried out on the effect of annual compaction by 10- and 20-t axle −1 loads applied at 2 soil moisture contents on bulk densities and on corn ( Zea mays L.) yields in a clay soil. Maximum bulk densities, and the depth at which they occurred, increased with each annual loading. Only the 20-t axle −1 loading increased soil density when compacting under dry conditions. However, both loading levels led to increases in density when applied under relatively wet conditions. Under the latter conditions, moldboard plowing and overwintering did not fully relieve topsoil compaction. Trends in crop responses to compaction were similar to those of soil bulk density. However, corn yield reductions were much more pronounced than were changes in soil structure. Differences in yields between the effects of each loading level increased with annual compaction.
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