Abstract
The understanding that air transport induces the economic development of a region has motivated studies on regional air transport and the necessary subsidies for its implementation. Several countries have implemented specific subsidy plans with a focus on integrating their territories through a network of air routes, depending on the funding methods and the results of the investments that were made. However, few studies summarize the geographical conditions of the locations served that justify their dependence on air transport as the only viable means of accessibility. This article seeks to identify the geographical characteristics of these locations to illustrate the conditions that justify the need for subsidies for the operationalization of air transport as a mechanism to promote the minimum sustainability conditions for such locations. We collected socioeconomic data of a set of 1365 subsidized routes of 28 countries from the Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania and tracing a profile of localities, classified in nine different clusters. The results indicated that isolated locations in islands, in the polar regions and areas of impenetrable forests have an almost exclusive dependence on air transport as a means of access and that justify the maintenance of subsidies to air routes as a fundamental requirement for the accessibility of the population to services of a social and humanitarian nature.
Highlights
IntroductionGovernment policies for subsidizing air transport were sequenced throughout the twentieth century under different characteristics and with a focus on specific agents
Air transportation represents a means of transport generally associated with travel over long distances, and presents itself in some parts of the world as a mode of travel used to reduce travel time or to overcome physical barriers that make surface means unattractive or even unfeasible.Government policies for subsidizing air transport were sequenced throughout the twentieth century under different characteristics and with a focus on specific agents
As for medians of GDP per capita, isolated areas have a median of US $ 13,350, while nonisolated communities demonstrate a value of US $ 10,200. 4.1 Classification of Subsidized Routes in Clusters The classification by cluster presented in Table 2 allows for a geographical observation of the conditions and characteristics peculiar to each grouping, initially constituted by locations in different countries, but similar in terms of the level of dependence on subsidies to air routes
Summary
Government policies for subsidizing air transport were sequenced throughout the twentieth century under different characteristics and with a focus on specific agents They were represented by airport infrastructure managers, through the financing of renovations, construction and expansion of airports and airlines, and through operations of state-owned airlines (Garcia, 1983; Fengjun, Fahui and Yu, 2004; Masayochi and Trevor, 2012; Ryerson and Woodburn, 2014; Turolla, Lima and Ohira, 2011). This phenomenon has spread around the world since the 1978 Airline Deregulation Act in the United States, stimulating the birth of new low-cost companies, which resulted in the evident incorporation of new passengers into air transport (Wittman, Allroggen and Robert, 2016). Other regions that are characterized by their geographical position close to the poles of the planet, such as Canada, with arctic jsd.ccsenet.org
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