Submicroscopic Morphology Comparisons between Hybrid F1 by Wheat and Octoploid Triticale and the Parental Generation

Abstract

F1 hybrid generation comes from the hybridization of common wheat Jingdong 8 as the female parent and octoploid triticale Jinsong 5 as the male parent. It can be clearly seen from the submicroscopic morphology comparisons of pollen grains, leaf epidermis and stomas between hybrid F1 and the parents that most of the shapes of the parents’ pollen grains are nearly circular, while those of the F1 hybrid pollen grains are irregular and severely wizened. In addition, the pollen grains of the F1 hybrid and parents are significantly different in the submicroscopic features of exine sculptures and germ pores. The common features of the three tested materials are stomatal apparatus, long cell and hair cell, and the cells are arranged in parallel with the vein. Leaf epidermal cells of the female parent which is the common wheat are clear outline, and they are also arranged tidily and smoothly, Pores are arranged in a straight line. Guard cells are dumbbell-shaped with bristles of different lengths. Pores of the male parent which is octoploid triticale have ridge-like heaves with horizontal and vertical alignment around them, and they are rectangular and large, also the general arrangement type is linear. Guard cells is very obvious, but with very few and short bristles. Both of the submicroscopic morphologies of leaf epidermises and stomas of the hybrid F1 are more similar with those of the male parent, while the leaf epidermises have bristles and the size of pores ranges between the two parents. The F1 hybrids and parents are significantly different in submicroscopic morphologies on pollens, leaf epidermises and stomas, so that the distinctions of submicroscopic morphologies can be used as a basis in the indicators and identification of the distant hybrids and their parents.