Submicroscopic changes of periodont in simulation of chronic opioid influence during ten weeks and medicamental correction

Abstract

Prolonged opioid abuse provokes lesions of the tooth-jaw system, making it difficult to carry out differential diagnosis and treatment of pathology of organs and tissues, of the oral cavity.The purpose of the work — to find out the peculiarities of ultrastructural organization of periodontal tissues with the medication corrective action of pentoxifylline and ceftriaxone against the background of a ten-week opioid exposure.Material and methods. The studies were performed on white adult male rats (22), who were administered intramuscularly opioid analgesic nalbuphine for 70 days, gradually increasing the dose every 2 weeks (from 0.212 to 0.283 mg/kg). Pentoxifylline (2.857 mg/kg) for 4 weeks and ceftriaxone (2.86 mg/kg) for 11 days were used to correct pathological changes in the periodontium. For electron microscopic examination, we used fragments of periodontal tissues in the gum region, and ultrathin sections were made according to conventional methods.Results. Submicroscopically, in the epithelial cells of the mucous membrane of the rats revealed shallow invasions of carioma, swelling of mitochondria, indistinctly structured intercellular contacts, available nuclei and euchromatin in the karyoplasm. In the periodontal lesions of collagen fibril ordering are present, leukocyte infiltration, tissue basophils and macrophages are degranulated. There is a certain improvement in the structural organization of the components of the microcirculatory bed, erythrocytes are predominantly present in the lumens of the blood capillaries, and no sludge effect has been detected.Conclusions. The use of the combined action of drugs pentoxifylline and ceftriaxone causes a protective effect, favorably affecting the microcirculation, which indicates a slight positive dynamics of the ultrastructural organization of constituents of periodontal components against the background of long-acting opioids.