Abstract
To date, it has been established that hyperhomocysteinemia plays a significant role in the development and progression of many diseases. The accumulation of homocysteine occurs due to a violation of the relationship between its production and excretion from the body. The liver plays an important role in the metabolism of homocysteine, because it undergoes most of the reactions of its transmethylation, and, therefore, it is the first to be adversely affected. The aim of the study is to identify the features of electron microscopic changes in the liver structure of young rats with hyperhomocysteinemia. The experimental study was performed on 22 white nonlinear young (1-2 months) male rats, which were divided into a control group and an experimental group. A model of persistent hyperhomocysteinemia was created by administering to rats the experimental group of thiolactone homocysteine at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight intragastrically for 60 days. The study of ultrastructural changes in the liver of rats was performed using an electron microscope PEM-125K. It was found that the introduction of thiolactone homocysteine at a dose of 200 mg/kg in rats led to the development of degenerative changes in hepatocytes. Changes in the structure of liver cells manifested themselves in the form of edema of the cytoplasm and mitochondria, destruction of mitochondrial cristae, dilation of the tubules of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and tanks of the Golgi complex. The activity of fat-accumulating liver cells and stellate macrophages is characteristically. In the lumens of the sinusoidal capillaries found sweeter shaped blood elements, the cytoplasm of endothelial cells had signs of edema. Thus, in experimental hyperhomocysteinemia revealed changes at the ultrastructural level in all structural components of the liver of young rats. The identified changes are compensatory-adaptive in nature and are reversible.
Highlights
In the last few years, the amino acid homocysteine has attracted a lot of attention from researchers
Homocysteine is a nonprotein sulfhydryl amino acid formed during the metabolism of the essential amino acid methionine [16, 18, 19]
Electron microscopic studies of the liver of young rats under conditions of hyperhomocysteinemia caused by the introduction of thiolactone homocysteine at a dose of 200 mg/kg, found the presence of moderate dystrophic changes in hepatocytes
Summary
In the last few years, the amino acid homocysteine has attracted a lot of attention from researchers. This phenomenon is associated with the emergence of new research, which shows the extremely negative impact of elevated levels on the body and participation in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Homocysteine is a nonprotein sulfhydryl amino acid formed during the metabolism of the essential amino acid methionine [16, 18, 19]. S-adenosylmethionine is synthesized from methionine with the participation of the enzyme methionine adenosyltransferase. The latter, losing the methyl group, is converted to S-adenosylhomocysteine.
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