Submicron cubic ZnMn2O4 loaded on biomass porous carbon used as high-performance bifunctional electrode for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries

Abstract

Due to their distinct electrochemical characteristics and large theoretical capacity, transition metal oxide materials have drawn a lot of attention. Transition metal oxides can be utilized as anode materials. However, their utilization is severely constrained by the volume expansion during charge and discharge. In this study, jute porous carbon was attached using submicron cubic ZnMn2O4. The unique three-dimensional structure of carbon gives the composite more strength and better cycle stability. The composite material still has a capacity of 1496.2 mA hg−1 after 200 cycles at the current density of 0.2 Ag−1 when used as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries. Additionally, the composite, when used as a negative material for sodium-ion batteries, may still attain a capacity of 392.4 mA hg−1 after 200 cycles when the current density is 0.1 Ag−1.