Abstract
The cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculates (Fabr.) is a serious pest that infests pulse seeds in storage. The current study aimed to assess the sublethal effects of two insecticides deltamethrin, thiamethoxam and a botanical power of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) on C. maculatus development and its essential enzymes. Thiamethoxam, deltamethrin insecticides and fennel plant powder activities against the cowpea beetle, C. maculatus, were assessed throughout direct contact application. Thiamethoxam showed the LC50 value of 21.05 ppm followed by deltamethrin (LC50= 85.1 ppm) while, the least effect was recorded with fennel seeds powder with LC50 value 36325.8 ppm. Concerning sublethal effects, sublethal concentrations of thiamethoxam (LC10, LC25, LC50 and LC75) significantly reduced egg-laying. While LC75 of deltamethrin significantly decreased egg-laying related to control. In contrast, fennel seeds powder failed to turn down the number of eggs laid by C. maculatus females compared with the control. Complete protection to deltamethrin against C. maculatus adults was maintained after 24 h till 7 months and to thiamethoxam from 24 h till 4 months. Biochemical studies showed that the activity of acetylcholine esterase (AChE), α, s esterase and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) showed a significant decrease in sublethal concentrations of thiamethoxam and deltamethrin related to the control. Regarding the effect on germination, no adverse effect was noticed due to the chemical and botanical seed protectants application.
Highlights
In Egypt, Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the most important crops for human consumption and represents meat and skim-milk substitutes
The numbers of eggs per female C. maculatus on faba bean seeds treated with LC10, LC25, LC50 and LC75 of deltamethrin, thiamethoxam and fennel seeds powder are given in table (2)
While deltamethrin reduced the number of eggs laid counts in comparison with the control, but its effect was significant only for the high concentration tested LC50 (6.6 ppm) with complete banning of eggs laying at LC75
Summary
In Egypt, Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the most important crops for human consumption and represents meat and skim-milk substitutes. Due to its nutritive value, faba bean is considered superior to field peas or other legumes (Duke, 1981). It is the fourth most important pulse crop in the world. Faba beans are used as seeds and green vegetables for human and animal consumptions as an important source of dietary protein (Mahmoud, 2020). The chemical composition of faba bean is rich in protein and its air-dry seed contains.
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