Abstract
Low insecticide exposure has been shown to cause profound effects on non-target organisms, including crabs. Therefore, the changes in hematological parameters, serum biochemistry and antioxidant enzymes in the Gercacinid crab, Cardiosoma armatum were assessed during 28-day exposure to four concentrations of organophosphate chlorpyrifos (0.003, 0.006, 0.03 and 0.06 mg/l). The results showed a significant (P= 0.0) decrease in packed cell volume and total haemocyte count of the exposure crabs (except in 0.003 mg/l concentration) compared to control group. There were no significant changes in hemocyte sedimentation rate, granulocyte and agranulocyte, although all exposure groups increased in hemocyte sedimentation rate and agranulocyte with respective ranges of 3.00-3.02 mm/hr and 64.00-67.00 %. Except for alkaline phosphatase, there were no significant variation in the biochemical profile of both the control crabs and exposure crabs, although organophosphate chlorpyrifos exposure induced increase in all the measured biochemical parameters. The serum protein level and the activities of the enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and malondialdehyde) were inhibited in exposure groups. The changes in these hemato-immunological parameters of the crabs were suitable biomarkers of a sub-lethal exposure to chlorpyrifos at the concentrations tested, and this will be useful in biomonitoring of aquatic environment.
Highlights
Organic and inorganic contaminants can suppress immune function in invertebrates.Among the insecticides commonly used in agriculture and houses to control the variety of insects is chlorpyrifos (0,0-Diethyl-0-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridylphosphorothioate), an organophosphate chemical
The packed cell volume (PCV) and Total haemocyte counts (THC) are vital indicators of oxygen conveyance capacity of crab making it possible to create a relationship with the oxygen concentration present in the habitat and the health status of the crab
Adewumi et al (2018) reported a significant reduction in PCV of C. gariepinus exposed to Chlorpyrifos
Summary
Organic and inorganic contaminants can suppress immune function in invertebrates.Among the insecticides commonly used in agriculture and houses to control the variety of insects is chlorpyrifos (0,0-Diethyl-0-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridylphosphorothioate), an organophosphate chemical. Organophosphate chemicals are not persistent in the environment as they break down quickly. Some aquatic organisms have the ability to live in contaminated regions, due to inducible defense mechanisms that allow detoxification and excretion of contaminants and protection by antioxidants from oxidative stress (Gomes et al, 2012). When these compensatory responses are activated, the survival potential of the organism may already have begun to decline because the ability of the organism to mount compensatory responses to new environmental challenges may have been compromised (Lawal-Are et al, 2019a; Moruf and Akinjogunla, 2019)
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