Abstract
Panonychus citri, a major citrus pest. In pest management, bifenazate is a novel acaricide with high biological activity against red mites, such as Tetranychus urticae Koch. However, in the field, pests are frequently exposed to sublethal or lethal concentrations of pesticides. At present, its sublethal effects on P. citri have not been reported. Therefore, in order to investigate sublethal effect of bifenazate on biological traits and enzymatic properties of P. citri. The newly emerged females were treated with two concentrations of bifenazate: LC10 and LC30, the development and fecundity were observed. The results showed that female adult duration, fecundity, oviposition days, longevity were decrease compared with control, but pre-oviposition period was longer, net reproductive rate (R0), mean generation (T) were decreased, intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate (λ) were decreased in LC30, however, doubling time was increased. Enzymatic tests showed that CAT, POD, CarE activities were higher in treatments than control. The SOD and GST activities were lower in LC30 than control and LC10, the CYP450 activity was decreased with the increasing concentrations. This study demonstrated that low lethal concentrations of bifenazate adversely affected life table parameters, enzymatic properties in P. citri. Therefore, bifenazate has the potential to control this pest.
Highlights
Panonychus citri (Acarina: Tetranychidae) is a spider mite with worldwide d istribution[1]
With the control group, there was no significant difference in the average immature development duration of female adults of P. citri treated with LC10 and LC30 (Table 2) Compared with adult pre-oviposition (APOP) and total pre-oviposition (TPOP) of control group, pre-oviposition and total pre-oviposition of L C10 and LC30 treatment were significantly prolonged
It is important to assess the sublethal effects of insecticides on pest populations, and life table analysis is an important technique for effective assessment[35]
Summary
Panonychus citri (Acarina: Tetranychidae) is a spider mite with worldwide d istribution[1]. Additional, bifenazate has low toxicity to mammals and aquatic organisms It has rapid knockdown and no cross resistance with other acaricides. In this study, we sought to gain insights into the roles of these enzymes to insecticide-induced stress To this end, we exposed this insect to low lethal concentrations of bifenazate and subsequently monitored the changes in enzyme activity levels and biological traits. The objective of present study was to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the sublethal effects of bifenazate on P. citri, including its developmental time, fecundity, life table parameters and detoxification enzymes, antioxidant enzyme[28]. Research on the effects of acaricides on P. citri populations will be invaluable in evaluating the role that particular acaricides play in sustainable management programs involving the pest mite. Knowledge on the activity of detoxification enzymes in P. citri may provide a basis for abating or minimizing the development of resistance to effective acaricides[29]
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