Abstract
ABSTRACTObjective: To analyze the contribution of subjective sleep need for daytime sleepiness in adolescents, and to compare questions about sleep, age and body mass index between adolescents who considered to sleep enough and those who reported the need for more sleep.Methods: This is a descriptive, epidemiological and cross-sectional study. Data collection was performed in August 2016, with 773 adolescents aged 14-19 years old, from Paranaguá, Paraná, Southern Brazil. The analysis included the following variables: time in bed, half-sleep phase, sleep need, social jetlag, daytime sleepiness, body mass index and physical activity.Results: The prevalence of adolescents with subjective need for sleep was 73.0%, with an average need of 1.7 extra hours of sleep. These adolescents woke up earlier (p<0.001) and slept less on school days (p<0.001). The need for more sleep was associated with higher daytime sleepiness scores (rho=0.480; p<0.001) and with later half-sleep phase (rho=0.200; p<0.001). No correlation was identified between the sleep need and time in bed (rho=-0.044; p=0.225). The subjective sleep need was the variable with the greatest explanatory power for daytime sleepiness (24.8%; p<0.001). In addition, the less adolescents practiced physical activity, the higher their daytime sleepiness scores (rho=-0.117; p<0.001).Conclusions: The subjective sleep need has an important role in explaining daytime sleepiness among adolescents. Adolescents who needed to sleep more reported waking up early and experienced sleep deprivation during class days; they also woke up later on the weekends and experienced more daytime sleepiness, compared to those who believed they had enough sleep.
Highlights
Adolescence has long been recognized as a period characterized by the progressive delay in sleep and wake-up times,[1] and this delay is usually attributed to reduced control of time from the parents, increasing school chores, extracurricular activities, work, social events and use of computer and television in the evening.[2]
This study verified that the perception of the adolescent on the need for sleep has contributed significantly for the explanation of daytime sleepiness
It was observed that groups with subjective need for more sleeping hours were characterized
Summary
Adolescence has long been recognized as a period characterized by the progressive delay in sleep and wake-up times,[1] and this delay is usually attributed to reduced control of time from the parents, increasing school chores, extracurricular activities, work, social events and use of computer and television in the evening.[2] Besides, there is evidence that developmental changes in circadian rhythm delay the onset of sleep in puberty.[2] In this phase, there is delay of the melatonin rhythm, characterized by the delayed liberation and inhibition of this hormone’s secretion in more mature adolescents.[3] Andrade et al.[4] suggested that sleep displacement (posterior waking moments) of adolescents can be attributed to the ontogenetic trend. Excessive daytime sleepiness constitutes a discriminating variable of need for sleep
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