Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between subjective happiness and subjective and objective sleep. The participants were 24 healthy university students (11 males, 13 females; mean age 22.4 ± 2.1). Their subjective happiness was measured by the Japanese Subjective Happiness Scale (JSHS). Furthermore, their subjective and objective sleep evaluation was measured by Ogri-Shirakawa-Azumi sleep inventory MA version (OSA-MA) and a non-contact sheet sensor (SS). The results indicated that participants with higher subjective happiness had objectively shorter sleep onset latency, higher sleep efficiency, and lower heart rate during sleep. On the other hand, no such correlations were found between subjective sleep evaluation with OSA and subjective happiness. These results suggest that subjective happiness is related with the ability to more easily fall asleep and better sleep efficiency.
Highlights
In recent years, human subjective happiness has garnered attention in developed countries as a topic in various fields, including psychology, medicine, philosophy, economics, and sociology
Correlations between Japanese Subjective Happiness Scale (JSHS) score, sleep indicators measured by SS (TST, sleep onset latency (SOL), sleep efficiency (SE), wake time after sleep onset (WASO), heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), and BM), and subscale scores of the Ogri-Shirakawa-Azumi sleep inventory MA version (OSA-MA) were calculated using partial correlation coefficient controlling for the influence of sex
JSHS: Japanese Subjective Happiness Scale; OSA-MA: OSA sleep inventory MA version; TST: total sleep time; SOL: sleep onset latency; SE: sleep efficiency; WASO: wake time after sleep onset; HR: heart rate; RR: respiration rate Adjusted for sex, age, BMI and smoking habits
Summary
Human subjective happiness (or, in a broader sense, subjective well-being) has garnered attention in developed countries as a topic in various fields, including psychology, medicine, philosophy, economics, and sociology. While the results of a systematic review on the relationship between positive affect and sleep concluded that subjective happiness and positive affect are correlated with sleep (length and quality), most of the data were from questionnaire surveys, and only 6 of 44 studies used objective sleep evaluations. The authors indicated that more detailed examinations using both subjective and objective evaluations of sleep are necessary to clarify the correlations between sleep, health, and subjective happiness [8]. To our knowledge, no studies have examined the association between subjective happiness, which is recognized as being closely related to sleep quality, and objective sleep evaluations conducted using SSs. If data collected using SSs are found to accurately reflect subjective happiness, this will indicate that noninvasive at-home sleep measurements are possible, thereby significantly contributing to clarify the relationship between daily sleep habits and subjective happiness. We conducted an exploratory investigation of the relationship between subjective happiness as measured by the JSHS, subjective sleep evaluated according to the Ogri-Shirakawa-Azumi sleep inventory MA version (OSA-MA), and objective sleep evaluated using SS
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