Subjective facial analysis and its correlation with dental relationships.

Gustavo Silva Siécola,Leopoldino Capelozza Filho,Guilherme Janson,Diego Coelho Lorenzoni,José Fernando Castanha Henriques

doi:10.1590/2177-6709.22.2.087-094.oar

Gustavo Silva Siécola, Leopoldino Capelozza Filho + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.22.2.087-094.oar

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Abstract

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: Subjective facial analysis is a diagnostic method that provides morphological analysis of the face. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare the facial and dental diagnoses and investigate their relationship. METHODS: This sample consisted of 151 children (7 to 13 years old), without previous orthodontic treatment, analyzed by an orthodontist. Standardized extraoral and intraoral photographs were taken for the subjective facial classification according to Facial Pattern classification and occlusal analyses. It has been researched the occurrence of different Facial Patterns, the relationship between Facial Pattern classification in frontal and profile views, the relationship between Facial Patterns and Angle classification, and between anterior open bite and Long Face Pattern.RESULTS: Facial Pattern I was verified in 64.24% of the children, Pattern II in 21.29%, Pattern III in 6.62%, Long Face Pattern in 5.96% and Short Face Pattern in 1.99%. A substantial strength of agreement of approximately 84% between frontal and profile classification of Facial Pattern was observed (Kappa = 0.69). Agreement between the Angle classification and the Facial Pattern was seen in approximately 63% of the cases (Kappa = 0.27). Long Face Pattern did not present more open bite prevalence.CONCLUSION: Facial Patterns I and II were the most prevalent in children and the less prevalent was the Short Face Pattern. A significant concordance was observed between profile and frontal subjective facial analysis. There was slight concordance between the Facial Pattern and the sagittal dental relationships. The anterior open bite (AOB) was not significantly prevalent in any Facial Pattern.

Highlights

Subjective facial analysis is a diagnostic method that provides morphological analysis of the face
The advent of cephalometric radiographs solved some shortcomings of Angle classification, incorporating information on hard tissue relationships, but still, little attention was placed on the soft tissues and facial analysis
When analyzing the relation between the frontal and profile views, there is a tendency of the score between them being the same, i.e., 127 out of 145 patients presented the same Facial Pattern classification

Summary

Introduction

Subjective facial analysis is a diagnostic method that provides morphological analysis of the face. Standardized extraoral and intraoral photographs were taken for the subjective facial classification according to Facial Pattern classification and occlusal analyses It has been researched the occurrence of different Facial Patterns, the relationship between Facial Pattern classification in frontal and profile views, the relationship between Facial Patterns and Angle classification, and between anterior open bite and Long Face Pattern. Cephalometric analysis of soft profile was the most influential method in building awareness of the soft tissue as a diagnostic instrument.[2,3,4] it was emphasized long time ago that the soft-tissue facial profile may be of equal importance to the craniofacial skeleton in the assessment of orthodontic patients,[5,6] only more recently did orthodontists recognize the functional and esthetic aspects of the soft tissue as determinants in diagnosis and treatment planning.[7]. Driven by the same concern, and aiming to organize a diagnostic method supported by protocols and capable of providing specific predictions, in 2004, Capelozza Filho[13] developed a classification system for orthodontic problems based on facial morphology

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