Abstract
In this study, we investigated indoor thermal environment survey and sleep in temporary shelters. Temporary shelters are three types of outdoor tents and cars, and newly developed temporary emergency shelter made corrugated cardboard. For each temporary shelter, indoor air temperature in summer and winter was measured. In summer, the corrugated shelter and the tent opened windows at night, so the indoor temperature and outside air temperature became the same level. As insects came in the car, it was difficult to open the window at night. In winter, the corrugated shelter and tent have the same level of indoor temperature and outdoor temperature. Because the airtight performance of the car is high, the lowest temperature in the room was maintained at around 10°C. Subject experiments of sleep were carried out on each temporary shelter using OSA sleep inventory.The subjective statements on the quality of sleep indicate that, in summer, the corrugated cardboard temporary shelter received the highest score, followed by the tent, and finally the automobile. In winter, the corrugated cardboard temporary shelter received the highest rating, followed by the automobile, and finally the tent. The Interview survey was conducted on each temporary shelter. The corrugated cardboard temporary shelter was evaluated highly for corrugated floor panels, the size of the space, the freedom of occupancy. The interior space of the car and the tent was narrow, it was difficult to stay for a long term, and it was a low evaluation.
Highlights
During natural disasters like earthquakes and floods, emergency evacuation is necessary to ensure people’s safety
The room temperature in each space was found to be significantly higher than the outdoor temperature, exceeding 40°C
In the case of the automobile, the transition in room temperature indicates that the air conditioner was operating intermittently
Summary
During natural disasters like earthquakes and floods, emergency evacuation is necessary to ensure people’s safety. Several administrations in Japan use the style of mass evacuation to large spaces in public buildings, such as community centers or gymnasiums, for the sake of both safety and efficiency. Setting up temporary living quarters requires anywhere from four weeks to six months, meaning people have to endure the challenge of living in austere quarters with little to no privacy for a prolonged period of time. Following a disaster, in addition to the direct impact of the disaster itself, people undergo prolonged stress due to the unfamiliar lifestyle of a large group setting. After the Mid-Niigata Prefecture Earthquake in 2004 [1], it is estimated that tens of thousands of people spent several nights in automobiles
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