Abstract
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the subjective employment perspective in higher working age for different employee groups with migrant background (EMB) and without (non‐EMB), meaning willing, being able, and planning to work until the individual state pension age (iSPA).MethodsA representative sample of socially insured employees born in 1959 or 1965 was surveyed in 2011, 2014, and 2018 with computer‐assisted personal interviews. The current cross‐sectional analysis is based on data from the third study wave (n = 3286) of the lidA cohort study. EMB were differentiated via generation (first generation, G1, vs second generation, G2) or nationality (German vs foreign). Applying bivariate statistics with the tests of independence and block‐wise logistic regressions, group differences were investigated. Sex, age, educational level, net household income, health, and work factors were considered as covariates.ResultsWhen comparing subgroups of EMB, significant differences appeared in bivariate analyses for willing and planning to work. G1 were to a higher degree planning to work longer than G2 and those with foreign nationality were more willing and planning than those with German nationality. Multivariate analyses revealed significant differences of G1 and non‐EMB for planning, being significant in the fully adjusted model, but not for willing.ConclusionThe findings underline the need for differentiation of migrant groups in social research and policy. When it comes to extended working lives, the first‐generation migrant group, as well as foreigners may constitute risk groups and require increased attention from a work, health, and economic point of view.
Highlights
In many European welfare states the extension of working lives (EWL) is regarded as an instrument to maintain wealth and social stability in times of population aging
This study examines a representative sample of older employees, who were born in 1959 or 1965 and socially insured during sampling in 2009
The effort-reward imbalance (ERI) ratio was significantly associated with willing to work until individual state pension age (iSPA) in the expected direction
Summary
In many European welfare states the extension of working lives (EWL) is regarded as an instrument to maintain wealth and social stability in times of population aging. Many European states have reduced pathways and incentives for early exit from work and raised official pension entitlement age.[1] Retirement research has addressed the issue of extending working lives by investigating determinants for early or late exit from employment and by identifying typical pathways from work to retirement. Observations substantially depend on the health outcome chosen.[6] It was observed that migrants usually are healthier than nonmigrants, resulting in better health and lower mortality in the target country (“healthy migrant effect”). This finding is mostly based on the fact that usually healthier people emigrate. With increased duration of stay, the observed benefits in terms of health are gradually reduced, partly due to adaption of health-related behavior and social status in the host country.[6]
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