Abstract

AbstractOver the years, judgments by the European Court of Justice (“ECJ”) have been—sometimes heavily—criticized. While the recent reforms to the EU’s judicial system have addressed the high caseload of the General Court of the European Union (“GC”), the perceived lack of quality of the ECJ’s judgments in preliminary rulings procedures remains an issue. This Article will outline in what way these judgments are criticized and try to examine the root causes of the criticism. It goes on to argue that subject matter specialization is an adequate answer to this criticism and examines how subject matter specialization can be introduced into the European Union (“EU”) judicial system.

Highlights

  • Over the years, judgments by the European Court of Justice (“ECJ”) have been—sometimes heavily— criticized

  • It goes on to argue that subject matter specialization is an adequate answer to this criticism and examines how subject matter specialization can be introduced into the European Union (“EU”) judicial system

  • We deal with some criticisms of ECJ judgments in the preliminary rulings procedure and examine their root causes

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Summary

Criticism

The validity of the so-called “theory of third-party effect of fundamental rights” depends on this reasoning); Case C-426/11, supra note 10 (the ECJ refers neither to the contractual freedom of employees nor explains the prevailing of the acquirer’s rights); cf EUR. Sometimes the ECJ does not address the questions put to it they touch central issues.[21] When it departs from the wording of a provision, the ECJ’s reasoning is often quite brief This makes it difficult to understand the consequences of the decision. There have been calls for better awareness of the national legal orders.[23] A certain superficiality is on display, for example, where a judgment does not precisely set forth the legal foundation In one such case, Alemo-Herron, the ECJ did not clearly distinguish between rights under employment contracts versus under collective bargaining agreements. When the ECJ, in making its determination, directs its attention only to the Member State where the referral originated, overly inclusive statements have the potential to endanger well-balanced systems of law, and to shift existing balances to the prejudice of one interest or another.[25]

Effects of the Criticized Decisions
Causes of the Criticism and Specialization as a Possible Solution
Specialization in the Preliminary Rulings Procedure as a Rewarding Pursuit
Models of Reform Toward Specialization of European Union Jurisdiction
Specialized Court
Specialized Chambers at the General Court
Establishing Special Chambers on a Mandatory Basis
Partial Specialization
Specialization Limited to a Few Areas of Law
Additional Proposals for Reform
Findings
Five Concluding Theses on Specialization in the Preliminary Ruling Procedure
Full Text
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