Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) biofilm formation enables the organism to avoid the host immune system, resist antibiotics, and provide a reservoir for persistent infection. Once the biofilm is established, eradication of the infection becomes difficult. Therefore, strategies against UPEC biofilm are urgently required. In this study, we investigated the effect of allicin, isolated from garlic essential oil, on UPEC CFT073 and J96 biofilm formation and dispersal, along with its effect on UPEC adhesion ability and swimming motility. Sub-inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of allicin decreased UPEC biofilm formation and affected its architecture. Allicin was also capable of dispersing biofilm. Furthermore, allicin decreased the bacterial adhesion ability and swimming motility, which are important for biofilm formation. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) revealed that allicin decreased the expression of UPEC type 1 fimbriae adhesin gene fimH. Docking studies suggested that allicin was located within the binding pocket of heptyl α-d-mannopyrannoside in FimH and formed hydrogen bonds with Phe1 and Asn135. In addition, allicin decreased the expression of the two-component regulatory systems (TCSs) cognate response regulator gene uvrY and increased the expression of the RNA binding global regulatory protein gene csrA of UPEC CFT073, which is associated with UPEC biofilm. The findings suggest that sub-MICs of allicin are capable of affecting UPEC biofilm formation and dispersal, and decreasing UPEC adhesion ability and swimming motility.
Highlights
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infections both in the community and in hospitals
Our result suggests that downregulating of fimH of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) CFT073 and J96 by allicin decreases UPEC adhesion ability
Our result suggests that downregula6toifn1g2 of fimH of UPEC CFT073 and J96 by allicin decreases UPEC adhesion ability
Summary
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infections both in the community and in hospitals. The UPEC evolve a number of strategies against the host defense system, including biofilm formation [1]. UPEC can form biofilms on catheters, which lead to catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) [2]. UPEC biofilm makes UTIs difficult to eradicate. IInn tthhiiss ssttuuddyy,, wwee iinnvveessttiiggaatteedd tthhee iinnhhiibbiittoorryy eeffffeecctt ooff ssuubb--MMIICCss ooff aalllliicciinn oonn UUPPEECC CCFFTT007733 aanndd JJ9966 bbiioofifillmm ffoorrmmaattiioonn aanndd ddiissppeerrssaall. SSwwiimmmmiinngg mmoottiilliittyy ooff UUPPEECC wwaass aallssoo ddeeccrreeaasseedd bbyy aalllliicciinn. UUPPEECC CCFFTT007733 aanndd JJ9966 wweerree ggrroowwnn iinn LLBB bbrrootthh iinn tthhee pprreesseennccee aanndd aabbsseennccee ooff aalllliicciinn. CCoonncceennttrraattiioonnss aabboovvee 110000 μμgg//mmLL ooff aalllliicciinn sslliigghhttllyy ddeeccrreeaasseedd tthhee ggrroowwtthh ooff UUPPEECC CCFFTT007733 aanndd JJ9966 (oI(oFnFfftii.1g1gJ2u.2uM,,rr2e2eo5l52.2S)a)a.c.nniA.Add20ss551ii06m0m, μ1μiil7lgaga, /r9/rmm7tt9rrLLeennwwddeewrwreeaacscshhoooobbsssseeeennrrvvffoeoedrdr ssffuouorbrbsEsEee..qqccuuooeellnini tAtAeeTTxxCCppCeCerri2i2mm5599ee22nn22ttss((FFssiiiigngnucucerereetth2h2e)e)..iirCrCeeooffnnffececcecetntnototrrnnaattttiihhooeennsgsgroroooffwwaa3ltltlhlhoiiccfoioi1nnf2f UUPPEECC wwaass nneegglliiggiibbllee. Allicin can inhibit UPEC biofilm formation and promote their dispersal. VVVaaallluuueeesss ssshhhooowwwnnn dddeeennnooottteee ttthhheee mmmeeeaaannn ± ̆± SSSDDD ooofff ttthhhrrreeeeee independent experiments in triplicate, * and ** mean statistically significant differences compared to control with values p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively
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